The country’s overall balance of payments (BOP) position posted a surplus of US$642 million in December 2023, higher than the US$612 million BOP surplus recorded in the same month last year.
The BOP surplus in December 2023 reflected inflows arising mainly from the National Government’s (NG) net foreign currency deposits with the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), net income from the BSP’s investments abroad, and the BSP’s net foreign exchange operations.
Meanwhile, the BOP surplus in December brought the full-year 2023 BOP level to US$3.7 billion surplus, a reversal from the US$7.3 billion deficit recorded in the same period a year ago.
Based on preliminary data, this development reflected mainly the improvement in the balance of trade alongside the higher net inflows from personal remittances, trade in services, and foreign borrowings by the NG.
Further, net inflows from foreign direct investments contributed to the surplus, albeit lower during the period.[1]
The gross international reserves (GIR) level increased to US$103.8 billion as of end-December 2023 from US$102.7 billion as of end-November 2023.
The latest GIR level represents a more than adequate external liquidity buffer equivalent to 7.8 months’ worth of imports of goods and payments of services and primary income.[2]
Moreover, it is also about 6.0 times the country’s short-term external debt based on original maturity and 3.8 times based on residual maturity.[3]
[1] Based on preliminary data from the Philippine Statistics Authority’s (PSA) International Merchandise Trade Statistics (IMTS), the trade deficit for January-November 2023 reached US$49.0 billion, down from the US$53.7 billion deficit posted in the same period last year.
[2] Specifically, it ensures availability of foreign exchange to meet balance of payments financing needs, such as for payment of imports and debt service, in extreme conditions when there are no export earnings or foreign loans.
[3] Short-term debt based on residual maturity refers to outstanding external debt with original maturity of one year or less, plus principal payments on medium- and long-term loans of the public and private sectors falling due within the next 12 months.
